{"id":1,"date":"2020-10-08T05:49:02","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T05:49:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?p=1"},"modified":"2023-01-12T19:21:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-12T19:21:16","slug":"hello-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?p=1","title":{"rendered":"The Citizen Project"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>This website is the creation of students in the <a href=\"http:\/\/worcester.edu\">Worcester State University<\/a> History \/ Political Science class HI\/PO 320 &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsu.tonahangen.com\/hi320\/\">Citizen Nation<\/a>.&#8221; The course is taught every election year fall, during which students explore aspects of American citizenship past and present. Their essays represent individual research projects, written for a general audience. Each briefly covers a topic and suggests some further reading. For comments or questions, feel free to get in touch with the course instructor, <a href=\"http:\/\/tonahangen.com\">Dr. Tona Hangen<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Site Map<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>Activism and Protest<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=285\">American Popular Response in the Insular Cases<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=385\">Black Lives Matter<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=25\">Civic Engagement<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=452\">Citizens United<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=457\">&#8220;Clear and Present Danger&#8221;: Schenck v. US and the Suppression of Free Speech in Wartime<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=445\">Freedom of Speech in America<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=263\">Music in Citizen Activism<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=94\">North Dakota Pipeline Protests<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Gender, Race, and Citizenship<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=439\">1849 California Constitutional Convention: A Question of &#8220;Race&#8221;<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=128\">Annexation of Hawaii: A Cultural Transition<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=262\">Black Citizenship<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=56\">Colfax Massacre<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=377\">Environmental Racism in the Flint Water Crisis<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=125\">Equal Rights Amendment<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=369\">High School Citizenship Test<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=443\">How Land Allotment on Native Reserves Hinders Tribes&#8217; Economic Development<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=254\">Indian Removal<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=269\">Islamophobia and American Policy<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=87\">Islamophobia in Contemporary US Culture<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=58\">Japanese Internment: The Greatest Generation?<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=148\">Jim Crow Laws, Slavery and White Supremacy<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=60\">Evolution of Federal Policies Applied to Native Americans<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=53\">Navajo Code Talkers and the Immigration Act of 1924<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=89\">Nineteenth Century Women&#8217;s Sphere: A Life of Expected Dependence<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=62\">Racism in Hiring<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=390\">Racism in the U.S. Military<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=427\">Sovereign Bodies: Native Women and the Indian Health Service<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=110\">The Journey to Native American Citizenship<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=121\"><em>Torres v. Puerto Rico<\/em> (1979)<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=108\"><em>United States v. Cruikshank<\/em> (1879)<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=433\">Voting Rights on the American Frontie<\/a>r 2022\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Immigration History<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=31\">1994 <em>Balseros<\/em> Crisis<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=33\">19th Century Immigration and Mortality in Massachusetts<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=100\">9\/11 and its Impact on US Immigration<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=134\">Asian Exclusion Act and Repeal<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=35\">Chinese Immigration<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=37\">Citizen Benefits<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=115\">Entering America: Ellis Island<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=39\">Hart-Cellar Act of 1965<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=410\">Irish Immigration<\/a> 2020\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=310\">Korean Immigration<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=117\">McCarran-Walter Act of 1952<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=280\">Postville ICE Raid, 2008<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=273\">Sanctuary Cities<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=140\">Effect of the Mexican-American War on Mexicans in US Territory<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=96\">The History and Process of Taking the US Citizenship Test<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Immigration Today<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=41\">Accompanying the Unaccompanied<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=460\">A Look at the Past, Present, and Future of DACA<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=143\">American Samoa: Second-Class Citizens<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=397\">Border Wall Under Trump Administration<\/a> 2020\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=366\">COVID-19 and American Citizenship<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=123\">For the Love of the Game<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=373\">Gender-Based Violence Among Women Seeking Asylum in the U.S.<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=306\">ICE Enforcement and Citizenship<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=323\">Immigration Deportation<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=43\">Immigration Reform: Undocumented Youth, Immigration Reform, and US Public Policy<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=298\">Immigration Visa Process and Restrictions<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=448\">Lack of Public Safety in Haiti Pushes Illegal Immigration to the U.S.<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=130\">Mexican Cartel Implementing US Policy<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=380\">Migrant Camps and Immigration Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=45\">Naturalizing Economic Growth<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=102\">Possible Impending Immigration Policies of the 2016 President Election<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=47\">Poverty and Violence Pushing Waves of US Immigration<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=400\">Remain in Mexico Policy<\/a> 2020\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=49\">Unaccompanied Minors: America: Have our Values Changed?<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=98\">Unaccompanied Minors: Humanitarian Crisis of Our Generation<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=313\">Unaccompanied Refugee Minor Program<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=51\">US Border: Open or Closed?<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The Constitution<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=23\">Corporate Citizenship: The Hobby Lobby Case<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=276\">Is the USA a Country?<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=119\">Modern Day Implications of the 13th Amendment<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=371\">Nomination of a Supreme Court Justice During an Election Year<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=138\">Puerto Rican Statehood<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=408\">Puerto Rico: State or Territory?<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=150\">Ratification of the Articles of Confederation<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=437\">Terms and Conditions Apply: Constitutional Rights in Wartime<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=145\">USA PATRIOT Act<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Voting<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=29\">Attracting More Voters<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=27\">A Brief History of Vote-Casting<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=360\">Centennial of Women&#8217;s Suffrage<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=395\">Does One Vote Really Make a Difference?<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=104\">Felon Disenfranchisement: A History<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=113\">Gerrymandering in the US<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=106\">How Did Televised Debates Influence the Election Outcome in 2012?<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=450\">How the Attack on Benghazi Shaped Political Propaganda<\/a> 2022<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=21\">MA Ballot Question #4<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=388\">Mail-in Voting<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=257\">North Dakota Native American Voter Disenfranchisement<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=19\">Race, Socioeconomics, and the Prison Industrial Complex<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=17\">The 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=402\">The Fall of President Trump and His Refusal to Concede<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=15\">The Secret Ballot: A Political Paradigm Shift<\/a> 2014<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=455\">Undermining the Democratic Voting Process in the United States<\/a> 2022\u00a0<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=255\">Voting Rights and the Physically Disabled<\/a> 2018<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=136\">Voting Rights in American Territories<\/a> 2016<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=405\">Who Really Won the 2018 Georgia Governor Election?<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?page_id=382\">Why (And How) to Vote<\/a> 2020<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This website is the creation of students in the Worcester State University History \/ Political Science class HI\/PO 320 &#8220;Citizen Nation.&#8221; The course is taught every election year fall, during which students explore aspects of American citizenship past and present. Their essays represent individual research projects, written for a general audience. Each briefly covers a &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/?p=1\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Citizen Project<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":465,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1\/revisions\/465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.tonahangen.com\/citizen\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}